The average annual temperature is 18.7 ☌ (65.7 ☏). Although the average lows during winter are mild, it can get cold due to the clear skies, with night time low temperatures in recent years in the range of 2 to −5 ☌ (36 to 23 ☏). The city experiences the typical winters of South Africa with cold, clear nights and mild to moderately warm days. Pretoria has a subtropical monsoon climate ( Köppen: Cwa) with long hot rainy summers, and short, dry and mild winters. It lies at an altitude of about 1,339 m (4,393 ft) above sea level, in a warm, sheltered, fertile valley, surrounded by the hills of the Magaliesberg range.Ĭlimate The city is surrounded by the Magaliesberg range. Pretoria is situated approximately 56 km (35 mi) north-northeast of Johannesburg in the northeast of South Africa, in a transitional belt between the plateau of the Highveld to the south and the lower-lying Bushveld to the north.
When South Africa became a republic in 1961, Pretoria remained its administrative capital. On 14 October 1931, Pretoria achieved official city status. (As the capital of the ZAR, Pretoria had superseded Potchefstroom in that role.) Between 19, the city was also the capital of the province of Transvaal. Pretoria then became the administrative capital of the whole of South Africa, with Cape Town the legislative capital and Bloemfontein served as the judicial capital. The Boer Republics of the ZAR and the Orange River Colony were united with the Cape Colony and Natal Colony in 1910 to become the Union of South Africa. Pretoria is named after the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius, and South Africans sometimes call it the "Jacaranda City", because of the thousands of jacaranda trees planted along its streets and in its parks and gardens. Some have proposed changing the official name from Pretoria to Tshwane, which has caused some public controversy.
Pretoria is the central part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality which was formed by the amalgamation of several former local authorities, including Bronkhorstspruit, Centurion, Cullinan, Hammanskraal and Soshanguve. Pretoria was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts the National Research Foundation and the South African Bureau of Standards. It has a reputation as an academic city and center of research, being home to the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), the University of Pretoria (UP), the University of South Africa (UNISA), the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and the Human Sciences Research Council.
Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothills of the Magaliesberg mountains. Pretoria ( / p r ɪ ˈ t ɔːr i ə, p r i-/ prih- TOR-ee-ə, pree- Afrikaans: ⓘ) is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.
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